Zach Miller
Brit Lit B
Wilson
May 7, 2013
A Modest Proposal
Jonathan
Swift was a writer during the early eighteenth century who was known for using
satire in his pieces. Swift used satire in his pieces to try and improve
society and making people decent human beings. He did not enjoy Ireland because
of the Roman Catholic natives and Scottish Presbyterian immigrants were people
that he did not get along with. After becoming a priest, Swift wrote his most
famous piece, The Modest Proposal, which
was about the Irish culture during its hard times. Swift wrote a pamphlet that
gave crazy solutions to the problems of beggars, starving children, shortage of
money, and more that was going on in Ireland. He used vivid satire to hopefully
shock the people of society and to make a change in society.
In this
piece, Swift uses verbal irony to persuade the people of Ireland of its
problems. He uses the irony of parents teaching their children to steal until
the age of six so that they could learn rudeness. Another thing that is ironic
is the title itself. Swift proposes that they should eat their children once
they are plump because it would decrease the number of useless children that are
on the streets. He also proposed that you would sell the children too as food
so the parents could make a good living. All of these proposals are not
“modest” at all, they are quite horrific. With all of this being a satire,
Swift is willing to make himself look like a crazy person to expose the
gruesome behaviors of the culture of Ireland.
Swift uses
logical appeals to support his crazy propositions. He uses these logical
appeals by providing six advantages for the people of Ireland. “I have too long
digressed, and therefore shall return to my subject. I think the advantages by
the proposal which I have made are obvious and many as well as of the highest
importance.” (p.587 Elements of Literature)
The six
advantages say that the proposal will help with the bad economy they were
currently having, parents wouldn’t have to take care of the children after a
year, and married couples will get along better. “Thirdly, whereas the maintenance of an
hundred thousand children, from two years old, and upwards, cannot be computed
at less than ten shillings apiece per annum, the nation’s stock will be thereby
increased fifty thousand pounds per annum,” (p. 587). This is an example of one
of the advantages that use logical appeal.
Not only
does Swift use logical appeal, but he also uses ethical appeal to persuade the
people of Ireland. In Swift’s concluding paragraph, he states that, “I profess
in the sincerity of my hearth that I have not the least personal interest in
endeavoring to promote this necessary work, having no other motive that the
public good of my country…I have no children, by which I can propose to get a
single penny; the youngest being nine years old, and my wife past
childbearing.” (p. 589)
Swift is
saying that he is trustworthy and has no ulterior motives because his wife
can’t even have children no more and their youngest is already too old to be
cooked. This is also ironic because he is using a tone that makes it seem like
that the fact that he proposed of selling children as food was a great idea and
that it could be something normal when really that is not good at all.
Swift uses
vivid satire throughout this persuasive piece to show that Ireland was going
through a hard time. He uses irony, ethical and logical appeals to help support
his satire. Jonathan Swift realized that people thought he was going to be
crazy if he talked about a subject like this but didn’t care because he just
wanted to prove a point and hopefully create change for the country that he
lives in. He knew that if he went to the something of this extreme, that people
would actually realize what was going on.